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Nautilus RAM question
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Track 7
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Joined: 22 Sep 2016
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PostPosted: Wed Apr 14, 2021 3:55 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
burningbusch wrote:
It went away with the Kronos X (2012). The Kronos X included the full 4GB RAM installed, 3GB usable limit imposed by the 32-bit OS. All Kronos after that came with 4GB RAM installed, 3GB usable limit. The reason you see 2GB on the Nautilus and all the Kronos specs (excluding the original), is that with the 3GB usable limit, the OS and ROM take up ~1GB leaving you with 2GB.

Got it. Thanks again.
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meatballfulton
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PostPosted: Thu Apr 15, 2021 4:39 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Weird that only 3GB is usable, because 32 bit addressing does allow accessing 4GB.
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burningbusch
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PostPosted: Thu Apr 15, 2021 4:47 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
meatballfulton wrote:
Weird that only 3GB is usable, because 32 bit addressing does allow accessing 4GB.


A little info about it can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_GB_barrier

Busch.
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meatballfulton
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 25, 2021 2:08 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
Thanks, Busch.

I should have guessed it would be some low-end x86 shenanigans related to MMIO.
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Bachus
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 25, 2021 5:47 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote
meatballfulton wrote:
Thanks, Busch.

I should have guessed it would be some low-end x86 shenanigans related to MMIO.


I remember a time when X86 couldn’t handle more then 640 k byte of memmory.

Even tough this limitation, there is no other keyboard that can handle as much samples in a live setup as the Kronos.
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burningbusch
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 26, 2021 3:49 am    Post subject: Reply with quote
Bachus wrote:

I remember a time when X86 couldn’t handle more then 640 k byte of memmory.


Actually, the 8086/8088 had an address space of 1MB. The limitation came from IBM's design, in that every optional card that could be added to the PC used a dedicated address area between 640 and 1024 Upper Memory Area (UMA). So if you had the monochrome display adapter installed, it used a specific address space; the color display adapter used a completely different dedicated space. Much of this went unused for the vast majority of users and was wasted as noncontiguous RAM was not allowed. And the original clone manufacturers followed suit to maintain maximum compatibility with IBM.


Busch.
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